Nos complace presentar este número especial de la Revista Las Torres de Lucca, dedicado íntegramente a la investigación sobre injusticia epistémica. El proyecto de esta publicación se gestó entre 2017 y 2018, en conversaciones entre Cristina Bernabéu e Isabel Gamero; a las que luego se sumaron Alba Moreno y Llanos Navarro. Los directores de Las Torres de Lucca, Diego Fernández Peychaux y Juan Antonio Fernández Manzano, aceptaron la propuesta con interés. Estamos muy agradecidas a ambos por ello, así (...) como por el acompañamiento que nos han hecho durante todo el proceso, desde la publicación de la convocatoria hasta la conclusión del número que ahora presentamos. La motivación que subyace a este trabajo es el interés en la noción de injusticia epistémica, en la que encontramos una poderosa herramienta para visibilizar qué voces tienen más (o menos) presencia en los distintos contextos sociales situados en los que participamos y qué prácticas habría que aplicar para lograr una distribución más justa de capacidades, tan básicas y cruciales, como las de dar testimonio y comunicar las propias experiencias. El debate sobre injusticia epistémica ha crecido significativamente a raíz de la publicación del libro de Miranda Fricker Epistemic Injustice (2007). Desde entonces, la discusión se ha desarrollado sobre todo en el contexto de la epistemología social feminista y antirracista, aunque ha tenido otras ramificaciones. Este número en particular reúne una serie de trabajos que aplican la noción de injusticia epistémica, tal y como fue propuesta por Fricker, a ámbitos diversos de discusión, que incluyen el análisis jurídico, el análisis del discurso y la estrategia políticos o el desarrollo de formas de resistencia epistémica, y que abordan problemas como la atribución errónea de género ─conocida como misgendering por su voz inglesa─ y el fenómeno del silenciamiento. Nos satisface comprobar que el debate es tan rico en sus ramificaciones y aplicaciones, así como haber podido reunir una muestra de esta riqueza. (shrink)

There is strong evidence that the rise of political polarization increases biases, prejudices, and public hostility toward people from certain socially disadvantaged groups, among other things. As a result, cases of testimonial and discursive injustice are more likely to happen. It is more likely that disenfranchised people’s claims are given less credibility than deserved and that their words are taken as performing a different speech act from the intended one, or even that they are prevented from performing certain speech acts. (...) The aim of this chapter is to explore which of the two prominent notions of polarization in the literature is better positioned to account for this relation. These notions are ideological polarization and affective polarization. The former is mostly characterized by the distance between certain belief contents in an ideological spectrum, while the latter has more to do with people’s willingness to like the ingroup and dislike the outgroup, which is tied to a certain level of credence in the beliefs of the group one identifies with. In particular, we argue that affective polarization is better positioned than ideological polarization to explain the relationship between the increase in polarization and the increase in certain injustices. (shrink)

During the last decades the question of defining life has gained increased interest but, at the same time, the difficulty in reaching consensus on a possible answer has led many to skeptical positions. This, in turn, has raised a wider debate about why defining life is so hard and controversial. Such a debate introduces additional aspects to be considered, like the role and nature of a definition of life itself. In this paper, we will focus on those aspects, arguing that (...) progress can be made if we conceive definitions of life as open heuristic tools that contribute to develop specific research strategies in the biological sciences and, more generally, to increase our understanding of life’s complexity. In contrast with pragmatic or operationalist approaches, we will defend that definitions of life comprise a set of ontological assumptions, together with an inherent unifying vocation, so they should be subject to comparison and critical assessment, closely related to the success or failure of the corresponding research programs, but also to the success or failure in establishing well-grounded interconnections among the latter. We consider that the search for a more coherent, integrated and generalized theory of biology cannot be pursued without keeping an empirical standpoint, and the exercise of defining life should not be taken as an obstacle but as a valuable instrument to achieve that goal. (shrink)

There is no doubt that slurs harm. They do so by denigrating their targets, by putting them down, by marginalizing them. This is why in many legislations around the world, the use of slurs has been banned or penalized. But should all uses of slurs be banned? Many uses of slurs seem to be non-derogatory and to have beneficial effects. However, such uses are double-faceted: as both armchair reflection and experimental studies have shown, they are able to produce harm as (...) well. In this paper, I approach the broad question of whether all non-derogatory uses of slurs should bebanned. I first present the main uses of slurs that have been considered to be non-derogatory and recent reactions to those. The upshot of this surveyis that uses of slurs that have been considered non-derogatory do, in fact, produce harm. I also flag what various authors have recommended in relation to the issue of banning such uses. Against this background, I engage with a recent view put forward by Alba Moreno Zurita and Eduardo Pérez-Navarro, who urge extreme caution with respect to any uses of slurs, due to their potential to normalize derogation. After presenting their view and their main argument, I raise an objection related to their treatment of neutral uses of slurs. I end with pointing out that, while theirendeavour has merit in that it pushes the discussion further, it raises certain issues – of both an empirical and a normative nature – that need to be addressed. (shrink)

Although slurs are conventionally defined as derogatory words, it has been widely noted that not all of their occurrences are derogatory. This may lead us to think that there are “innocent” occurrences of slurs, i.e., occurrences of slurs that are not harmful in any sense. The aim of this paper is to challenge this assumption. Our thesis is that slurs are always potentially harmful, even if some of their occurrences are nonderogatory. Our argument is the following. Derogatory occurrences of slurs (...) are not characterized by their sharing any specific linguistic form; instead, they are those that take place in what we call uncontrolled contexts, that is, contexts in which we do not have enough knowledge of our audience to predict what the uptake of the utterance will be. Slurs uttered in controlled contexts, by contrast, may lack derogatory character. However, although the kind of context at which the utterance of a slur takes place can make it nonderogatory, it cannot completely deprive it of its harmful potential. Utterances of slurs in controlled contexts still contribute to normalizing their utterances in uncontrolled contexts, which makes nonderogatory occurrences of slurs potentially harmful too. (shrink)

El artículo constituye un acercamiento a la comprensión de la relación existente entre la epistemología y metodología positivista y marxista y la Historia, desde una perspectiva de su contemporaneidad y vigencia. El desafío epistemológico representado desde fines del siglo XX ha conducido a diversos métodos de escribir la Historia, que no solo cuestiona la racionalidad de las estructuras dominantes hasta entonces, sino que también brinda elementos evidentes acerca de la identidad y cientificidad de la historia. El positivismo que resurgió en (...) ese contexto retomó el interés por lo fáctico, por las fuentes, como criterio de verdad, soslayando la participación del sujeto en la evolución histórica. Con temas y fuentes similares, pero desde un marxismo crítico, los historiadores marxistas demostraron, simultáneamente, la renovación y validez de esta metodología para la escritura de la historia. Solo desde una posición marxista puede entenderse la cientificidad de la historia, su dimensión social, epocal y temporal. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we bring together Foucault's biography and oeuvre to explore key concepts that support the analysis of nurses' acts of resistance. Foucault reflected on the power relations taking place in health services, making his contribution especially useful for the analysis of resistance in this context. Over three decades, he proposed a nonnormative philosophy while concomitantly engaging in transgressive practices guided by values such as human rights and social justice. Hence, Foucault's philosophy and public activism are an apparent (...) contradiction, but we argue that when analysed together they allow for a different understanding of his work. We describe the evolution of the concept of resistance in Foucault's work, supported by the approaches of Brent Picket (1996) and Miguel Morey (2013). Foucault started his work considering the idea of transgressiveness as it connects to being at the margins of society. He then spent considerable time elaborating the concept of power and identifying resistance strategies as forms of power exercise. In doing so, he considered that people engage with social change from multiple positions, including limited desire for change, fomenting reforms, or engaging in everyday revolutionary acts. As he further elaborated on power relations and defined resistance, Foucault asserted that resistance involves both repressive and productive dimensions of power, governance of biological life, state governance, and deliberate practices of illegalisms. Finally, Foucault shifted his attention to the freedom of ethical subjects, proposing the use of counter‐conduct and counter‐discourses to speak truth against oppression. Such framework offers a comprehensive lens for analysing nurses' acts of resistance within the complexities of the healthcare system and in society. In summary, Foucault's conceptual framework on resistance expands the role of nurses, to understand them not only as caregivers, but also as political agents capable of confronting and transforming oppressive institutional practices. (shrink)

Perfectionism is a multidimensional construct with both positive and negative aspects. Recently, the concept of appearance-oriented perfectionism has been introduced, which is associated with body image dissatisfaction and weight and shape control behaviors. The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale is a 12-item two-factor instrument developed to assess this new dimension of perfectionism. The aim of the study is to validate the Spanish version of PAPS among a representative sample of 850 male university students in Spain. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure, internal (...) consistency, convergent and concurrent validity, and associated predictor variables analyses have been carried out. Results showed that the Spanish version of the PAPS maintains the original factor structure with all items and proves to be a reliable instrument. Physical appearance-oriented perfectionism is associated with general perfectionism, higher body dissatisfaction, Eating Disorders and Muscle Dysmorphia symptomatology, and compulsive exercise, particularly in the Worry about Imperfection subscale. These variables also act as predictors of physical appearance perfectionism. The use of the PAPS-S and the analysis of its subscales is recommended in the context of body image-related pathologies such as Eating Disorders and Muscle Dysmorphia. (shrink)

In this paper we study the connection between the use of evaluative language and the building of both personal and social identities, from the perspective of Dynamical System Theory. We primarily discuss two issues: 1) The use of evaluation ) as a means to the construction of both individual and group identities, thus exploring how the connection between linguistic choices and social identities is shaped by interactional needs for stancetaking. In order to illustrate this connection, we examine examples of the (...) use of evaluative language in a web social network, and we analyze some of the discourse elements showing ways of positioning that act as catalysts for the emergence of a multifactorial dynamic system of identities. 2) The consideration of Dynamical System Theory as a theoretical framework for the modeling of language and identity. Although originally a mathematical theory, DST has been adopted by cognitive science as a valid framework for the study of cognitive phenomena, on the grounds that natural cognition is a dynamical phenomenon. Within the realm of linguistics and pragmatics, this study is to a certain degree in line with some recent studies such as Gibbs, Geeraerts, Kristiansen and Peirsman, or Moreno Fernández. Thus, we herein focus on how linguistic evaluation intervenes in the intricate dynamical system of identity, and even though we do not engage in complex mathematical disquisition, we argue that the idea and philosophical foundation underlying DST can lead us towards the ‘integration’ of the complex equation of identity construction, and that consequently the field has great potential for further research. (shrink)

La gobernanza del agua se encuentra en un momento crucial debido a los desafíos ambientales que requieren enfoques transformadores para la educación y la sustentabilidad. Este artículo explora cómo las acequias históricas, esenciales para la gestión hídrica, pueden servir como laboratorios para la educación transformadora. Mediante un enfoque interdisciplinario que combina liderazgo de paisaje, diseño disruptivo y educación para el desarrollo sustentable (EDS), se abordan desafíos como la urbanización, el cambio climático y la crisis del agua. El artículo destaca cómo (...) los laboratorios vivientes en la educación universitaria pueden fomentar competencias para la sustentabilidad, promoviendo una comprensión estética y ética del agua como herencia viva, reconectando a estudiantes y comunidades con los sistemas socio-ecológicos que habitan. Este enfoque propone soluciones regenerativas que trascienden lo técnico, integrando perspectivas culturales y ambientales para avanzar hacia un futuro sustentable y equitativo. (shrink)

Resumen: En este artículo se examinan las principales ideologías lingüísticas que los hablantes bilingües de dos comunidades pewenche construyen en torno al chedungun. Este estudio, de carácter exploratorio, tiene un enfoque cualitativo. Los datos analizados corresponden al discurso de 20 hablantes bilingües de entre 18 y 75 años de edad, pertenecientes a las comunidades de Pitril y Butalelbun del Alto Biobío. En términos generales, los resultados evidencian que el chedungun se concibe como un componente fundamental para la configuración y mantenimiento (...) de la espiritualidad e identidad étnica. Asimismo, se observan ideologías puristas hacia la lengua que propician inseguridad lingüística en los hablantes más jóvenes de Pitril.: This article examines the main linguistic ideologies that the bilingual speakers of two Pewenche communities build around chedungun. This exploratory study has a qualitative approach. The analyzed data correspond to the speech of 20 bilingual speakers between 18 and 75 years old, belonging to the rural communities of Pitril and Butalelbun from Alto Biobío. In general, the results show that chedungun is conceived as the main composing element for the maintenance of ethnic spirituality and identity. Moreover, we have discovered language purist ideologies that foster linguistic insecurity in the youngest speakers of Pitril. (shrink)

Resumen:Este artículo analiza la respuesta de las ciencias sociales al estallido social chileno de 2019, enfocándose en los supuestos epistemológicos que orientaron la producción de explicaciones sobre este acontecimiento. A partir de una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2023 que buscaron explicarlo, se identifican las principales causas atribuidas al estallido, los marcos interpretativos movilizados y las proyecciones derivadas de dichas interpretaciones. Los resultados muestran que la explicación causal predominante se concentró en el sistema neoliberal, el malestar social (...) y la crisis del sistema político. Sin embargo, esta narrativa se construyó mayoritariamente desde registros ensayísticos, con un fuerte anclaje local y un uso limitado de literatura especializada sobre acción colectiva y protestas. Asimismo, se observa una tendencia a naturalizar ciertas causas como evidentes, sin una problematización conceptual ni un respaldo empírico sistemático, lo que favoreció la reproducción acrítica de supuestos normativos. Desde una perspectiva epistemológica, el artículo sostiene que estas características revelan tensiones presentes en las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas entre explicación analítica, compromiso normativo e intervención pública. Se plantea la necesidad de avanzar hacia enfoques más reflexivos y exigentes, capaces de distinguir analíticamente entre condiciones estructurales, mecanismos causales y eventos contingentes al abordar fenómenos de alta complejidad política.Palabras clave: estallido social; explicación causal; neoliberalismo; revisión sistemática; producción de conocimiento. (shrink)

Located at the intersection of semiotic theory and legal anthropology, this article examines constitutional justice in Latin America as a semiotic and communicative praxis through which fundamental rights are pragmatically enacted. Distinguishing adjudication from the mere practice of doctrine, adjudication is understood as a translatory moment in which the court converts constitutional principles into operational meaning through legal language. Based on the analysis of emblematic cases and judicial documents, this study reveals three judicial semiotic strategies—definition, contextualization, and procedural anchoring—that inclusively (...) contribute to the implementation of rights in vulnerability-prone conditions. Acknowledging the constraints imposed by the institutional and material circumstances of adjudication, the article argues that a semiotic framework enables a deeper understanding of the meaning-generating processes in adjudication through judicial communication at the praxis level. By examining judicial practice through the lens of semiotic theory, this research connects theory and practice while broadening the vision of constitutional justice as a dialogic activity, demonstrating that language not only reflects rights but also produces them. (shrink)

Il presente articolo intende affrontare la questione della felicità in Machiavelli, contemplando due piani in cui essa si circoscrive: l'individuo e il politico. Per questo prenderemo come testo di fondo la sua opera La Mandragola, in cui in modo molto ingegnoso Machiavelli mette in discussione questo nuovo senso di felicità in maniera subdola, affrontato da un ambito diverso e evidenziando il contesto nel quale scrive. Faremo anche una breve revisione storica intorno alla nozione di felicità, recuperando questo concetto nella teorizzazione (...) di pensatori come: Aristotele, Epicuro, Kant e Schopenhauer. (shrink)

The objective of this paper is to make an approach to the concept of madness in two significant works of Modernity: Orlando Furioso by Ariosto and Mandrake by Machiavelli. Although both are authors of Italian Renaissance humanism, they make a different approach to the events of their time, which drive the writing of their works, and which reveal the close relationship between the political and social events of the moment in the case of Machiavelli, and the reference to classical and (...) medieval sources in Ariosto. The methodology used in this work constitutes a documentary review of the sources, in order to establish a parallelism between them. (shrink)

This paper addresses the problems that arise in relation to caregiving and those who are responsible for carrying it out, i.e. women. Although this is not a new problem, it did become evident after confinement was decreed following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. One question becomes evident and refers to why women should be the ones in charge of care and all that this implies, as if there were a biological and/or moral inclination that conditions them to play a (...) certain social role in both the public and private spheres. It follows that there are countless inequalities that place women in a place of great vulnerability with respect to men, which makes it necessary to incorporate a human rights approach in the analysis. For a better understanding of the aforementioned problem, we will briefly approach Carol Gilligan's theory of care, which also allows us to highlight the patriarchal logic that prevails in the background. (shrink)

In this article, I explore the connection between Feyerabend’s overarching anarchism and Ian Hacking’s “anarcho-rationalism,” as presented in his “styles project.” Both philosophers primarily discussed the scientific method in relation to the unity of science. I first analyze Feyerabend’s notion of anarchism by examining his central theses against the unity of method and the unity of science. I then delve into Hacking’s methodological approach to “styles of reasoning” and highlight his pluralist contribution to the issue of the unity of science. (...) Finally, I establish the connections and differences between Feyerabend’s and Hacking’s anarchisms. Feyerabend’s anarchism was initially internalist but overarching and had several tensions. My thesis is that Hacking not only is genuinely influenced by the early Feyerabend but also follows that internalist path by integrating rationalism with anarchy, thus embodying what I call “well-tempered anarchism.”. (shrink)

The contribution of emotions to our knowledge of ourselves remains undertheorized in the philosophical literature on self-knowledge, even among authors who focus on ‘substantial’ self-knowledge. This is a shortcoming because emotions are crucial to obtain the sort of self-knowledge that can play a transformative role in our lives (or engaged self-knowledge). To show this, here I rework Krista Lawlor’s (2009) example of Katherine, a woman who is wondering whether she wants a second child. Lawlor offers and empiricist account of substantial (...) self-knowledge, where purely epistemic self-knowledge, gained through introspection and inference, is enough to satisfy Katherine and “stick” (i.e., halt her investigation). While Lawlor conceives sticking as a mere absence of the motivation to investigate further, in my analysis sticking is an affective phenomenon that involves the epistemic emotion of certainty based on emotional insight, i.e. the right evaluative responses to what one knows. But achieving emotional insight in cases of opaque substantial self-knowledge is not easy. Here, I go beyond Lawlor by proposing that investigating what we value through an imaginative exploration of our emotions and other evaluative attitudes is a particularly promising route. (shrink)

Emotions are an integral part of human cognition and they guide not only our understanding of the world but also our actions within it. As such, whether we soothe or flame an emotion is not inconsequential. Recent work in conversational AI has focused on responding empathetically to users, validating and soothing their emotions without a real basis. This AI-aided emotional regulation can have negative consequences for users and society, tending towards a one-noted happiness defined as only the absence of "negative" (...) emotions. We argue that we must carefully consider whether and how to respond to users' emotions. (shrink)

Since Darwin, Biology has been framed on the idea of evolution by natural selection, which has profoundly influenced the scientific and philosophical comprehension of biological phenomena and of our place in Nature. This book argues that contemporary biology should progress towards and revolve around an even more fundamental idea, that of autonomy. Biological autonomy describes living organisms as organised systems, which are able to self-produce and self-maintain as integrated entities, to establish their own goals and norms, and to promote the (...) conditions of their existence through their interactions with the environment. Topics covered in this book include organisation and biological emergence, organisms, agency, levels of autonomy, cognition, and a look at the historical dimension of autonomy. The current development of scientific investigations on autonomous organisation calls for a theoretical and philosophical analysis. This can contribute to the elaboration of an original understanding of life - including human life - on Earth, opening new perspectives and enabling fecund interactions with other existing theories and approaches. This book takes up the challenge. (shrink)

This paper aims to provide a minimalist meta-philosophical elucidation of ‘scientific pluralism’. I try to do so by pursuing its ‘lowest common denominator’, which I identify as inclusiveness. Although the term ‘scientific pluralism’ implies some unity among pluralists, no clear criteria exist for defining what constitutes a pluralist. As the primary characterisations are constructed negatively by opposing other viewpoints, it is essential to consider the positive aspect of the concept for a more precise and complete understanding. My primary objective here (...) is to clarify and expand on the idea of ‘scientific pluralism’ by adopting a positive perspective. To accomplish this, I will adhere to the following steps: (1) I shall begin by introducing the topic and discussing the issue of the plurality of pluralisms; (2) I will subsequently highlight key examples of general scientific pluralisms, as they explicitly delineate themselves against “monism” and “relativism” (reconceptualised as ‘continuism’ and ‘discontinuism’); (3) Drawing upon the latter and what Kellert, Longino & Waters (Kellert, Scientific Pluralism 2006) refer to as the “pluralist stance”, I will advocate for inclusiveness as the ‘lowest common denominator’ of current scientific pluralisms. This will provide us with a means to adopt a positive stance, characterised by the acceptance of scientific multiplicity while including the opportune partial continuities and discontinuities; finally, (4) I will present concluding remarks. (shrink)

This paper advocates for the normative role of logic in reasoning. I offer a response, anchored in an externalist perspective, to two fronts of attack against the normativity thesis, namely Harman’s sceptical challenge and the accusation of naturalistic fallacy. On the one hand, I rework dialogical bridge principles and show that such principles satisfy adequacy criteria to deal with Harman’s challenge. On the other hand, I argue that it is possible to derive normative consequences from logical facts. This is because (...) argumentative interactions among agents involve the acceptance of constitutive rules that entail obligations. Hence, since logical rules can be seen as constitutive of the social practice of reasoning, they create prescriptions for reasoning. Bridge principles make those obligations and prohibitions explicit. (shrink)

Hate is an empirically understudied emotion, especially if it is felt on behalf of the group one belongs to. Most of the sparse previous studies on group-based hate have been conducted in conflict areas, such as Israel and Ukraine, and there is a lack of studies in post-conflict regions, where the conflict is officially settled. The current paper sheds light on group-based hate in a post-conflict region. We report 3 studies with Kosovo Albanian participants. Across the studies, we found that (...) hate was reported to be very intense, even decades after the war had ended. Hate, more than anger, was consistently characterized by the appraisal of bad character to the outgroup and the tendencies to exclude, force change or take revenge on the antagonistic group rather than tendencies to normalize relations. Moreover, hate was associated with negative stereotypes, negative relations and a lack of contact with the outgroup. The intensity of hate did not differ between participants who had experienced the war themselves or merely heard the stories. Finally, in all studies hate is hardly expressed to the outgroup, but on the contrary frequently shared with the ingroup. We think that these characteristics contribute to the endurance of hate over time. (shrink)

The purpose of professional education programs is to prepare aspiring professionals for the challenges of practice within a particular profession. These programs typically seek to ensure the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills, as well as providing opportunities for their application. While not denying the importance of knowledge and skills, this paper reconfigures professional education as a process of becoming. Learning to become a professional involves not only what we know and can do, but also who we are (becoming). It (...) involves integration of knowing, acting, and being in the form of professional ways of being that unfold over time. When a professional education program focuses on the acquisition and application of knowledge and skills, it falls short of facilitating their integration into professional ways of being. In addition, through such a focus on epistemology (or theory of knowing), ontology (or theory of being) is overlooked. This paper explores what it means to develop professional ways of being where the focus is becoming, not simply knowing as an end in itself. (shrink)

In higher education, the conventional design of educational programs emphasises imparting knowledge and skills, in line with traditional Western epistemology. This emphasis is particularly evident in the design and implementation of many undergraduate programs in which bodies of knowledge and skills are decontextualised from the practices to which they belong. In contrast, the notion of knowledge as foundational and absolute has been extensively challenged. A transformation and pluralisation has occurred: knowledge has come to be seen as situated and localized into (...) various 'knowledges', and the status of the body has taken on renewed significance in epistemological debates. Rather than thinking of knowledge as transcending the body, the embodiment of knowledge has become a key factor in understanding the nature of knowledge and what it means to know. In this paper, we adopt a phenomenological perspective in exploring the notion of embodied knowing as it relates to higher education programs and, more specifically, the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) are used in these programs. (shrink)

Background: Reliance on moral principles and professional codes has given nurses direction for ethical decision-making. However, rational models do not capture the emotion and reality of human choice. Intuitive response must be considered. Research purpose: Supporting intuition as an important ethical decision-making tool for nurses, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between intuition, years of worked nursing experience, and perceived ethical decision-making ability. A secondary aim explored the relationships between rational thought to years of worked nursing experience (...) and perceived ethical decision-making ability. Research design and context: A non-experimental, correlational research design was used. The Rational Experiential Inventory measured intuition and rational thought. The Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale measured perceived ethical decision-making ability. Pearson’s r was the statistical method used to analyze three primary and two secondary research questions. Participants: A sample of 182 emergency nurses was recruited electronically through the Emergency Nurses Association. Participants were self-selected. Ethical considerations: Approval to conduct this study was obtained by the Adelphi University Institutional Review Board. Findings: A relationship between intuition and perceived ethical decision-making ability ( r =.252, p =.001) was a significant finding in this study. Discussion: This study is one of the first of this nature to make a connection between intuition and nurses’ ethical decision-making ability. Conclusion: This investigation contributes to a broader understanding of the different thought processes used by emergency nurses to make ethical decisions. (shrink)

Alba María Laredo Delgado y Darío Méndez Salcedo Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, España La comunicación entre dos personas … Read More →.

Ample attention is being paid in the higher education literature to promoting active learning among students. However, critical examination of educational purposes and ends is largely lacki...

Western society today is less unified by a set of core values than ever before. Undoubtedly, the concept of moral consensus is a difficult one in a liberal, democratic and pluralistic society. But it is imperative to avoid a rigid majoritarianism where sensitive personal values are at stake, as in bioethics. Bioethics has become an influential part of public and professional discussions of health care. It has helped frame issues of moral values and medicine as part of a more general (...) effort to find consensus about some of the most perplexing questions of our time. But why is it thought that a moral consensus is important or that it deserves respect? How does moral consensus acquire legitimacy in a society that includes diverse value systems? How is moral consensus possible and how do small groups help create or distort consensus processes? Written by a medical school professor trained in philosophy, this timely work tackles these questions from philosophical, historical, and social scientific standpoints. It begins by describing the traditional ambivalence about consensus in Western culture as well as the uncertain relationship in modernity between consensus and expertise. After outlining the current bioethical consensus, the book gives philosophical and political analyses of the idea of consensus, then assesses the role of consensus in national ethics commissions and in the ethics committee movement. Moreno constructs an original, naturalistic philosophy of moral consensus, referred to as "bioethical naturalism", and then applies sociology and social psychology to actual consensus processes. The book concludes with an account of bioethics as a consensus-oriented social reform movement. This insightful volume will be essential reading for bioethicists, philosophers, physicians, members of ethics committees, and all those concerned with ethical and social issues in health care. (shrink)

Capitalismo y nihilismo constituye un clarificador análisis del nihilismo normal, cotidiano, alegre y moralizante del capitalismo y de sus instrumentos de dominación, así como de los peligros que entraña para la supervivencia misma de la humanidad.

Surveys were conducted at two metta meditation retreats in order to examine the psychological effects of metta meditation. Participants were invited to complete the survey at the beginning of the retreat, at the end of the retreat, and two weeks after the end of the retreat. Participants completed the same scales at each time phase, which included measures of happiness, compassionate love, revenge and avoidance motivation, gratitude, and a depression, anxiety and stress scale. Significant increases were found in happiness and (...) compassionate love, reductions in avoidance and revenge, and reductions on the depression, anxiety and stress subscales. (shrink)

This article critically examines traditional theories of well-being from feministperspectives, arguing that dominant conceptions —centered on individualautonomy, economic income, and quantitative metrics— reproduce genderhierarchies and structural exclusions by assuming an abstract and universal subject.In contrast, this work shows that feminist proposals not only broaden thedimensions considered relevant for assessing well-being, but also transform its onto-epistemic and normative bases by situating it in relationships of interdependence,care, and social justice. Drawing on a dialogue with authors such as MarthaNussbaum, Judith Butler, and Ingrid (...) Robeyns, as well as approaches from theeconomics of care and ecofeminism, I argue that well-being should be understood asa relational and situated process, sustained by bonds of solidarity, the diversity ofbodies and experiences, and the sustainability of life in its material, symbolic, andecological dimensions. I analyze also the translation of these perspectives into publicpolicy, showing that the measurement and institutional design of well-being involvenormative decisions that can expand or restrict the conditions of livability. In thissense, this work proposes understanding well-being not as a fixed state or a mereevaluative metric, but as a collective political horizon aimed at expanding dignifiedways of life and building more just, pluralistic, and sustainable societies. (shrink)

This paper explores the ways in which Cordwainer Smith’s short story “Under Old Earth” problematizes emotions, who/what has them, and who/what is granted moral status. Most importantly, however, “Under Old Earth” questions the primacy of happiness in human society, especially where happiness is understood as the absence of other (negative) emotions. As such, “Under Old Earth” challenges the notion, widely held in contemporary ethics, that our moral obligation to one another is mediated through the goal of the attainment of happiness. (...) Through this challenge, Smith’s short story speaks directly to the current understanding of emotion in the field of AI, and complicates what the goal of affective computing should be. (shrink)

This paper attempts to answer whether the property of “efficacy” can be attributed to constitutive rules. In particular, according to Di Lucia, I will point out some problems that the “semantic conception of efficacy” has concerning constitutive and regulative rules. Then, the main goal of the paper will be to reflect on the possibility of the efficacy of constitutive rules by means of a complex case that the semantic conception seems to disregard: The case of the cheater. Does the action (...) of the cheater show the inefficacy of constitutive rules? Does she play the game while breaking the rule? Can the semantic conception of efficacy explain this situation, or do we need a more flexible concept of efficacy that takes nomotropism into account? These are some of the questions I will try to answer. (shrink)

En el marco del V Congreso Internacional «La actualidad de Michel Foucault» celebrado en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid entre el 6 y el 8 de marzo de 2018, sostuvimos una interesante conversación con Daniel Lorenzini, investigador del pensamiento ético y político de Michel Foucault y editor de varios de sus cursos y conferencias publicadas en los últimos años en Francia. Discutimos sobre el estado actual de los archivos de Foucault adquiridos por la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia (BnF), algunos de (...) los diversos proyectos editoriales que se derivan del trabajo de archivo y análisis de los manuscritos del filósofo, la reciente e inesperada publicación de Les aveux de la chair y su relación con el proyecto de la Historia de la sexualidad tal como fue planteado en 1976, la relación de Foucault con Nietzsche respecto a sus lecturas de la subjetivación y el vínculo, no siempre evidente, entre ética y política a la luz de sus investigaciones sobre el filósofo francés. (shrink)